--- title: What is a TN Visa? For Canadians Who Want to Work in the US | My Visa Source description: Are you Canadian & would like to work in the US? A TN Visa allows US, Canadian & Mexican citizens the opportunity to work in these countries. 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Written by My Visa Source Team Published on:  Feb 23, 2021 ![close-up-of-a-star-on-an-american-flag-by-my-visa-source](https://www.myvisasource.com/hubfs/Compressed%20Blog%20Images/200kbjpg/close-up-of-a-star-on-an-american-flag-by-my-visa-source.jpg) Begin your immigration journey now Click and fill out a free online assessment to see how we can help you. It takes less than 1 minute to fill out. [Free Assessment▸ ](https://www.myvisasource.com/free-assessment) Call and speak to our team, so that they can book a time with a licensed immigration professional who will answer all your questions. [Call Us Now▸ ](tel:1-888-509-1987) Recommended For You Author info: TN (Trade NAFTA) status is a special non-immigrant status in the United States unique to citizens of Canada and Mexico. Beginning in 1988, individuals practicing one of the professions identified in the Canada – United States Free Trade Agreement are able to obtain TN status for legal work in the United States and Canada, creating freedom of labor movement. TN status is recognized in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which began in 1994. It allows U.S., Canadian and Mexican citizens the opportunity to work in each other’s countries in certain professional occupations. It bears a similarity, in some ways, to the [H-1B visa](https://www.myvisasource.com/usa-immigration/us-work-visas/h-1b/), but also has many unique features. Within the TN set of occupations, an American, Canadian or Mexican can work for up to three years (until October 16, 2008, one year) at a time. However, the TN status may be renewed indefinitely in three-year increments, although it is not a ‘permanent’ or immigrant visa and if US immigration officials suspect it is being used as a de facto green card, they may elect to deny further renewals. The set of occupations permitted to petition for TN status is also quite a bit more limited than for the H-1B visa.[2] Spouse and dependent children of a TN professional can be admitted into the United States in the TN status. ### Canadian Citizens Working in the United States Canadian professionals are admitted into the USA in the TN-1 status. Applying for this status is a fairly streamlined procedure and an [immigration lawyer](https://www.myvisasource.com/toronto-office/) with experience in this area could help you with this [TN Visa](https://www.myvisasource.com/usa-immigration/us-work-visas/tn-visa/) process. The Canadian must first obtain proof of a job offer, in the form of an employment letter detailing employment for not more than three years, and documentation (often in the form of a university degree and/or evidence of former employment) in the occupation area. This paperwork is then brought to the border (most commonly it is done upon entry to the USA from Canada, but entry in TN status is permitted at any port of entry), along with proof of [Canadian citizenship](https://www.myvisasource.com/canadian-immigration/citizenship/) and the $50 fee (plus an additional $6 at a land or sea crossing; this is included in airline tickets when arriving by air). The US immigration officer will then adjudicate the application on the spot and grant or deny TN status. If the decision is to grant TN status, the Canadian immediately enters the US and begins TN employment. If the decision is to deny, the immigration officer will often detail the shortcomings in the application; if these are relatively straightforward to correct, the Canadian will often correct the problem in a day or so and then return to the border to reapply. Certain TN status categories are known to be more difficult than others. For example, ‘Management Consultant’ applicants will often be scrutinized closely to determine if they will really be serving as consultants, or are in practice simply ‘managers’. (The latter is generally not allowed under TN status.) Similarly, ‘Computer Systems Analysts’ will often have their applications carefully examined to ensure that their qualifications and job duties truly rise to the level of Computer Systems Analyst, and that they are not in practice simply serving as computer programmers. Once TN status is granted, it is good for three years, but only for the specific employer for which it was originally requested. Changing employers will require the Canadian to return to the border and start from scratch with a new application. If employment with a single employer is desired for more than three years, it may be renewed indefinitely. Renewal is accomplished either by a mail-in renewal within the United States, or by returning to the border and, in effect, presenting a new application. Renewal is possible, in theory, indefinitely, but the TN status is not a substitute for [permanent residency (a green card)](https://www.myvisasource.com/usa-immigration/permanent-residence-green-card/), and the border official has the discretion to refuse further renewals if she feels the ability for indefinite renewal is being abused. How this happens in practice depends largely on the mood of the individual border official. Some Canadians have successfully renewed TN status for a decade or more; others have found that after 3–4 years a border official denies further renewals. Canadian citizenship for TN status purposes may be by descent or naturalization. Those with qualifications from sources outside Canada or the U.S. must prove equivalency to the U.S. requirements. There is no appeal recourse if one is refused TN status. ### Tax Requirements of Canadians Working in the US Canadian TN status workers appear to be responsible for US Medicare, State, Federal and Social Security taxes whether they are resident or non-resident (working remotely) in the U.S. If their legal residence is still in Canada, workers are also required to file Provincial and Federal income tax but can credit some part of the taxes paid in the United States. Bilateral treaties exist to allow workers to regain benefits. For example, years worked in the U.S. may contribute to the Canada Pension Plan and Old Age Security eligibility with the proper paperwork. What Is Your CRS Score For Express Entry? [Learn More](https://www.myvisasource.com/canadian-immigration/permanent-residence/express-entry/ee-crs-chatbot/) ![](https://www.myvisasource.com/hubfs/3d%20Model%20Stills/tile%20png/velvetRope3.png) ### Subscribe to our magazine to stay up to date with Immigration news ### TN Status Comparison to the H-1B Visa TN status has some similarities with the H-1B visa. TN status may be easier for some Canadians or Mexicans to obtain, as they are not subject to the annual cap for H-1B visas issued. However, because the TN status is adjudicated at the border, TN status can also be revoked at any time at the border (if a Canadian is re-entering the US), even if it is not up for renewal. Therefore, it is important to be sure that any application is perfectly airtight. But the most important difference is that TN status does not include the doctrine of dual intent. Therefore, Canadians or Mexicans on TN status must be careful if they desire to ultimately pursue the green card. Either they should first switch to the H-1B visa before applying for the green card, or they must carefully time things to ensure they do not attempt to renew TN status after the green card application is formally pending (generally meaning that Form I-485 package has been filed for TN holder; those pursuing consular process can renew until just before the interview appointment at an Immigrant Visa issuing US Consulate). ### For Canadians, it's TN Status and Not a Visa The TN status is sometimes informally referred to as a TN visa or sometimes as a "TN visa for a Canadian". However, because a Canadian does not formally need to request a TN visa at a US consulate, it is technically not a visa, but rather a status. ### Mexican Citizens Working in the US The procedures for Mexican citizens applying for TN status are a bit more complex than for Canadians, although they have been significantly simplified. At one time, Mexicans were subject to an annual quota and to procedures similar to an H-1B visa. However, since January 1, 2004, a Mexican citizen must follow a similar procedure to Canadians, but they must first obtain a US TN-2 visa at a US consulate (generally in Mexico). Once the TN visa stamp is obtained in the Mexican citizen’s passport, they may enter the US in TN status in a similar manner to a Canadian citizen, and are admitted into the US in the TN-2 status. In US Fiscal Years 2007 through 2009, between 4,000 and 5,000 TN visas (i.e., TN-2 visas for Mexicans) were issued by US consulates each year.[3] Questions About Immigration? My Visa Source Has Answers. My Visa Source stays updated on all immigration news and announcements across Canada and the United States, including sudden changes in government law. Our legal solutions help individuals, families, businesses and investors from North America and around the globe. Get The Personalized Help That You Need and Deserve! 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OVER A DECADE, WE’VE DEMOCRATIZED AND SIMPLIFIED IMMIGRATION. IT’LL TAKE LESS THAN 1 MINUTE TO FILL OUR ONLINE ASSESSMENT AND A TEAM MEMBER WILL FOLLOW UP WITH YOU. [Get Started](https://www.myvisasource.com/free-assessment) [![a skyline of toronto by my visa source](https://www.myvisasource.com/hubfs/Compressed%20Blog%20Images/50kb%20resized%20jpg/a-skyline-of-toronto-by-my-visa-source.jpg) Canadian Immigration How Quickly Can I Apply for a Visa After Rejection? ](https://www.myvisasource.com/blog/how-quickly-can-i-apply-for-a-visa-after-rejection) Thinking of visiting Canada? The visa process for visitors can be complicated and messy. Reapplying for a rejected visa can be daunting, but having the right information at hand can greatly simplify the process. 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